After his undergraduate studies, Bardelli moved to the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research in London where he obtained a Ph.D. in Biochemistry and Molecular biology from the University College London (UCL). He moved to the United States in 1999 for a post-doctoral fellowship in the laboratory directed by Bert Vogelstein at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore). Here Bardelli began studying the genomics of cancer.
His discoveries are published in over 250 scientific articles in international journals such as Nature, Science, Cancer Cell, Cell, Nature Genetic, Nature Medicine, Journal of Clinical Oncology, JAMA and Lancet Oncology. Prof Bardelli’s studies led to international clinical trials such as CHRONOS, PEGASUS and ARETHUSA. Since 2014 he has been in the ranking of the most cited researchers in the world "Web of Science".
Member of authoritative scientific associations such as EACS - European Academy of Cancer Sciences and EMBO - European Molecular Biology Organization, he was President of EACR - European Association for Cancer Research (2018-2020) and member of the Scientific Committee of the AIRC Foundation (2013-2023). In 2020 he was awarded the Guido Venosta Award assigned by AIRC and conferred by the Presidency of the Italian Republic for research aimed at developing new therapeutic approaches to neoplasms. He is Full Professor of Histology at the University of Turin.
Since 2022 he has been appointed as Scientific Director of IFOM ETS – The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan.